Sanitary Napkins Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Napkins Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary napkins are essential hygiene products used by women during menstruation. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring comfort, safety, and effectiveness. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary materials used in sanitary napkins.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most critical component of a sanitary napkin. It is responsible for absorbing menstrual fluid and keeping the user dry. The core is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: Wood pulp is a natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic materials to enhance performance.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: SAPs are synthetic materials that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their mass. They are highly effective in maintaining dryness and preventing leakage.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, comfortable, and quick-drying. Common materials used for the top sheet include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: These are made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester. They are designed to be soft, breathable, and moisture-wicking.
– **Perforated Film**: Some sanitary napkins use a thin, perforated plastic film as the top sheet. This material is highly effective at keeping the surface dry but may be less comfortable than nonwoven fabrics.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary napkin, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used for the back sheet include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: This is a common material used for its waterproof properties. It is lightweight and flexible, making it ideal for sanitary napkins.
– **Breathable Microporous Film**: This material allows air to pass through while preventing liquid from escaping, enhancing comfort and reducing the risk of irritation.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary napkin in place. They must be strong enough to hold the pad in position but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types of adhesives include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives are designed to stick firmly when pressure is applied, making them easy to use and remove.

## 5. Fragrance and Additives

Some sanitary napkins include fragrances or additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these can sometimes cause irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Common additives include:

– **Fragrance Oils**: Used to provide a pleasant scent.
– **Aloe Vera or Chamomile**: Added for their soothing properties.

## Conclusion

The composition of sanitary napkins is carefully designed to balance absorbency, comfort, and safety. By understanding the properties of the raw materials used, consumers can make informed choices about the products they use. It is essential to consider individual sensitivities and preferences when selecting sanitary napkins to ensure optimal comfort and protection.