Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the heart of a sanitary pad, responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. It is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: A natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with superabsorbent polymers (SAP) to enhance its capacity.
– **Superabsorbent Polymers (SAP)**: These synthetic materials can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid relative to their mass. SAPs are crucial for maintaining dryness and preventing leakage.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It must be soft, comfortable, and allow for quick liquid penetration. Common materials include:

– **Nonwoven Fabrics**: Made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyethylene, nonwoven fabrics are lightweight, breathable, and soft to the touch.
– **Perforated Films**: These are thin plastic films with tiny holes that allow liquid to pass through while keeping the surface dry.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials used include:

– **Polyethylene Films**: These are waterproof and flexible, ensuring that the pad remains leak-proof.
– **Breathable Films**: Some advanced pads use breathable films that allow air to circulate, reducing the risk of irritation and discomfort.

## 4. Adhesives

Adhesives are used to keep the sanitary pad in place within the underwear. They must be strong enough to hold the pad securely but gentle enough to avoid skin irritation. Common types include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesives**: These are applied in a molten state and solidify upon cooling, providing a strong bond.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesives**: These adhesives stick to surfaces upon application of light pressure and are commonly used for the wings of sanitary pads.

## 5. Fragrances and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these can sometimes cause irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Common additives include:

– **Aloe Vera**: Known for its soothing properties, aloe vera is sometimes added to reduce irritation.
– **Fragrances**: These are used to provide a pleasant scent but should be used cautiously to avoid skin reactions.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads play a critical role in their performance, comfort, and safety. From the absorbent core to the back sheet, each component is carefully selected to meet the needs of users. Understanding these materials helps consumers make informed choices and ensures that manufacturers maintain high standards of quality and safety.