今年春夏时装周，香奈儿冒出了一款流浪包，一石激起千层浪，这款包包的浪翻的有点大，已经把许多经典款 网红款都拍到了沙滩上，款式设计的好，宣传也到位，做工精美，小巧迷人，这些你都可以在这款香奈儿流浪包上发现，明星 超模 时尚达人纷纷举包响应，又一场空前浩大的时尚浪潮袭来，虽然潮流就是一场跟风，不过你能置之事外吗？这款香奈儿流浪包也确实很有性格，小编也是趁着流浪包很特别的链条肩带喜欢它的，很有创意与新意的搭配效果，你不觉得很有范儿吗？

香奈儿流浪包什么都好，只是价格比chanel2.55都要贵，怎么得尝心愿呢？一个字买买买！不去专柜又难怎么样？也许直接买个原单货就好了，但既然选择代购 网购 海外购了，就要面对风险，至少心里很没底吧，为什么？因为怕买到假的，而且花的钱也不低呢，找人分辨真假一个不理，二个说是真的，三个说是假的，索性自己学两招好了，分辨香奈儿流浪包真没那么难，除非你买了原单货，下面美丽包包就来教你如何分辨香奈儿流浪包真假。

上图白色中号的，从上到下第二排菱格，从左至右数一数有7个完整的凌格，白色部分的皮料是有复古纹路感的，而且手感很柔软，黑色部分的是光滑的平纹牛皮，是有定型，手感硬一些，香奈儿流浪包的整体皮料虽然都很柔软，都个立在台面上也是很有型的，不会塌陷，褶皱的效果也是十分自然。

Gabrielle香奈儿流浪包的皮质细节，纹路很明显的，市面上有些仿货用的皮料，做不出这种清晰的复古纹路，显得有些平淡。

除此以外，链条五金也是Gabrielle香奈儿流浪包最大的亮点，一根闪亮的金色链条，一根是做旧的古银色链条，也是和CF经典款一样串了黑色的皮带在里面，因为都是手工做的，皮带的封口都对折在里面，从皮带侧面中以看到封口，而不是正面。

看肩带长度也很重要，Gabrielle香奈儿链条是很长的，可以折叠起来背，链条可以分别背在两边肩膀，就像第一张图那样。

这个拉链头上的双C扣比较重要，

看材质质感，大小比例可以便于分辨，

小小的五金除了双C扣部分是做旧的，

那个连接双C扣的小金属环却是闪亮的哦。

上图黑白色中号，香奈儿流浪包款式细节，

看完皮质五金了，可以仔细看看走线是否精致。

最后可以对里衬的颜色，看看是否有色差，

gabrielle香奈儿流浪包里衬还有品牌标志皮块，

以及香奈儿包包都有的镭射激光防伪码贴，

这些都是可以分辨流浪包真假的地方。

下面来几张明星街拍 明星私服吧，

教你怎么搭配好这款人气王香奈儿流浪包，

上图杨幂街拍，

穿个性印图黑色T桖搭配白色小号流浪包。

其实不管是背在前面还是背在后面都很有范

如果穿上香奈儿女装，

斜纹软呢外套搭配效果更美，

有钱任性的时尚达人就这么穿的

如何选择香奈儿流浪包大小号尺寸？

个小的选小号，个高的选择大号，

更女人味的选择小号，

上图杨幂搭配黑白色小号流浪包。

身材好的可以这样搭配这款香奈儿包包，

我觉得很撩人的。

如何有钱任性的话，

也可以像白百合这样叠搭配，

不过建议搭配个迷你包、手机包、旅行包、

或者当季很流行的腰包。

好了，这次关于香奈儿流浪包的话题就聊到这里，明星时尚达人教你怎么搭配香奈儿流浪包，美丽包包教你怎么分辨香奈儿gabrielle流浪包真假，如果您对美丽包包网以上内容感兴趣，不凡添加我们V信（862648280）一起交流吧。

Aquarius, the eleventh sign of the zodiac, represents those born between January 20th and February 18th. Known for their independent and humanitarian nature, Aquarians are often seen as forward-thinking visionaries. Their symbol, the Water Bearer, symbolizes their ability to nourish humanity with knowledge and innovative ideas.

Aquarius Personality Traits

Aquarians are intellectuals with a natural curiosity and an unquenchable thirst for knowledge. They are driven by a desire to make a positive impact on the world and often champion social causes and movements. Their innovative mindset enables them to think outside the box, coming up with inventive solutions to complex problems.

Aquarians are fiercely independent, valuing their freedom and individuality above all else. They often challenge societal norms and have a non-conformist attitude, making them unique in their approach to life. Despite their desire for independence, they excel in teamwork, as long as their individuality is respected.

Personal Mantra for Aquarius:

“I embrace my uniqueness and harness my intellect to create positive change in the world.”

Aquarius’ Ruling Planet: Uranus

Aquarius is ruled by Uranus, the planet of revolution, innovation, and unconventional thinking. This influence inspires Aquarians to question the status quo and explore new horizons. Uranus’ rebellious spirit perfectly aligns with Aquarius’ inclination toward progressive ideas and revolutionary change.

In Greek mythology, Aquarius is associated with Ganymede, the beautiful cupbearer of the gods. Chosen by Zeus for his charm and intellect, Ganymede symbolizes Aquarius’ ability to connect with others through social prowess and intellectual depth.

Element and Mode: Air and Fixed

Aquarius belongs to the Air element, which governs intellect, communication, and social connections. Aquarians are excellent communicators who thrive in intellectually stimulating environments. They are natural problem solvers, often inspiring those around them with their visionary ideas.

Aquarius also operates under the Fixed mode, which grants them persistence and determination. Once an Aquarian sets their mind on a goal, they pursue it with unwavering focus.

Best Crystals for Aquarius

Aquarians are known for their connection to the higher realms, creative thinking, and desire for balance. These gemstones and crystals help enhance their natural qualities:

• Amethyst: Enhances Aquarius’ intuition and spiritual connection.
• Labradorite: Stimulates imagination and promotes self-discovery.
• Aquamarine: The birthstone of Aquarius, it aids in clarity of thought and emotional balance.
• Clear Quartz: Amplifies Aquarius’ energy and enhances intellectual focus.
• Citrine: Encourages optimism, creativity, and motivation to achieve their visionary goals.

Be sure to check out our Zodiac Collection, specially designed to resonate with each sign’s unique energy. Whether you’re looking for pieces adorned with Aquarius’s favorite gemstones or exploring other zodiac symbols, our collection offers something for every astrology lover.

Best Colors for Aquarius

Aquarius is closely associated with the colors electric blue and turquoise, reflecting their futuristic mindset and innovative nature. Wearing these colors enhances their creativity, uplifts their mood, and supports their self-expression.

Positive Affirmations for Aquarius

• “I embrace my uniqueness and celebrate my individuality.”
• “My intellect is a powerful tool that can create positive change.”
• “I trust my intuition and follow my inner voice.”
• “I attract like-minded individuals who share my vision for a better world.”
• “I am open to new ideas and embrace the possibilities of the unknown.”

Aquarius, represented by the Water Bearer, is a sign of innovation, intellect, and independence. With a desire to make the world a better place, Aquarians use their unique talents to create positive change in both their personal lives and the wider community.

From their association with Uranus to their connection with colors and crystals, everything about Aquarius reflects a passionate pursuit of knowledge, individuality, and social progress.

The Zodiac Signs

If you’re curious to learn more about the characteristics and traits of other zodiac signs, continue reading and discover how each sign brings its own magic to the cosmic wheel!

• Aries: The Bold Trailblazer

• Taurus: The Steadfast Provider

• Gemini: The Curious Communicator

• Cancer: The Nurturing Protector

• Leo: The Confident Leader

• Virgo: The Perfectionist Healer

• Libra: The Harmonious Diplomat

• Scorpio: The Mysterious Transformer

• Sagittarius: The Adventurous Explorer

• Capricorn: The Ambitious Achiever

• Aquarius: The Visionary Innovator

• Pisces: The Dreamy Mystic

Wolves’ French prospect Sylvain Deslandes spoke exclusively to Get French Football News on a number of topics including his decision to move to England so early on in his career.

This interview was conducted before transfer deadline day, and thus Sylvain Deslandes’ loan move to League One side Bury, where the Frenchman will remain until the end of the current campaign. There is no option to buy included in the deal.

Born: 25th April 1997 (19)

Nationality: French

Current Club: Bury (loan)

Previous Clubs: AM. S. Soliers, USON Mondeville, SM Caen, Wolverhampton Wanderers

Was it a difficult thing to move to England so early on in your career (at the age of 17)?

When one considers that my dream was to play in England, I handled it quite well. As soon as the opportunity presented itself to me I took it, because it was England, what I wanted.

Did you not struggle to adapt to the culture, the language?

No, not really. I was more delighted to discover a new culture and a new language, because the English language has quite an important standing in the world and the culture of English football is something that all footballers want to discover. I am lucky to have the chance to discover it.

Especially the Championship, which is at the height of the culture of English football.

Exactly, it is truly English football in its totality. There are not necessarily stars here but the fans are always present, for all of the teams, and that is very pleasant.

Having played a few Championship matches, what do you think about the level there?

I think that the Championship is very much an under-estimated league. Notably in France, because in terms of level I think it is equal to Ligue 1, maybe even better if you take away PSG, Monaco and perhaps Lyon.

Yes, especially because there a big teams in it this time around.

Yes, there are big teams, like this year with Newcastle, there is Brighton who this season are quite consistent and are currently (at the time of writing) top of the league I think. Aside from that, there are teams like Leeds, who are a very good team, and Norwich too who went down. It is truly a very good league with very good teams.

Who are your football inspirations?

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Personally, in football I do not have a lot of inspirations. I try not to copy one player more than another. There are players who I think it is important to learn from, but I think the most important thing is to have your own style. In my position, left-back, the player that inspires me the most, even though I am not trying to copy him, is Eric Abidal.

Today a player that I am enjoying watching in my position is Marcelo. It is important to learn from them because they are playing at a very high level, especially for a young player like me.

You are therefore soon hoping to reach new heights to reach this level then…

Yes of course, I am working every day to reach that level and I am convinced that work pays off. I am young, I am only 19, and it will come little by little.

Having played a match with the France U20s in August, are you hoping to soon make the step up to the France U21s?

I have always considered the national team as a bonus, as in I have never told myself that I want to be in the French national team, for me the most important thing is my performances for my club, to play well, to express myself with my club.

Aside from that, it is the French national team after all. I have not told myself that I must be at one competition or another, the most important thing is to perform with my club.

Do you want to spend your entire career in England, or might you wish to return to France?

Honestly, since I arrived in England, I was nicely surprised by the entire environment, and today I can very well see myself having my entire career in England because I feel good here, I have family here now. I am not against a return to France but today I feel very good in England.

Despite this, are you still following Ligue 1?

Yes, I watch it from time to time when I am at home.

Do you regret not having played in Ligue 1?

I have no regrets concerning not having played in Ligue 1, nor do I have regrets for not playing in France, because it is like that, my desire was to come to play in England and so I did not have a chance to play in France. It is not as if I had the chance to play there. If I had to do it again, I would come back to England without a doubt.

The big difference is the fan culture no?

Exactly, it is really of great importance in England. We truly have many fans who follow us every weekend, who come sometimes to training, who are present on social media and who send us lots of messages: they are there for us, contrary to the attitude in France where football does not hold the same importance.

Football is passed down from generation to generation, it is like a religion here. That is the big difference between the Championship and Ligue 1. In the stadiums, at the weekend, you can easily find 28,000 to 30,000 fans in a stadium with a 30,000 capacity, whilst in France it is closer to 15,000, maybe less. So it is truly something important here, fans really have their rightful place.

And the Premier League?

The English are true fans of football, which means that generally speaking when you turn the TV on, you will see people talking about football. I know the Premier League by heart, I know the players, I know the environment. As it is also an aim of mine, it is important to know what could eventually be waiting for me.

As a player arriving in England at a young age, what do you think about English teams who take foreign young players as opposed to English players?

I think that it is an opportunity for those who are coming to England, because they will discover a new culture, a new language, probably for me the most wonderful football in Europe, with a lot of passion, desire and love on the part of the fans. That is a good thing.

But aside from that you have to be ready, to be capable to adapt to a new culture and language, because not everyone is capable of doing that.

And what are your thoughts on the style of play in England?

The style of play is more direct. There are many more duels, you are more engaged everywhere. Each league has its own technicalities – you can say that Ligue 1 is more physical, whilst the Spanish league is more technical.

R.J.

There are few things that a machinist likes more than when they get a print and see this: +/- 0.005”. Holding five thousandths of an inch is child’s play for any good machinist – they might as well mill the part with their eyes closed. But, then there are those jobs that are a bit more demanding. Add another zero, and now you’ve got: 0.0005”. Holding five tenths of a thou is a whole different story. It’s the difference between the thickness of a human hair and a white blood cell. When it comes to holding tight tolerances, here’s a few recommendations that can keep your parts in spec.

1. Spindle Warm Up for Holding Tight Tolerances

Run a warmup routine – While this is standard procedure with most CNC machines, consider running something a bit more strenuous. A typical procedure will only warm up the spindle, which is critical for spreading grease to prevent premature bearing wear. But, you also need to allow the internal components to reach a steady operating temperature to account for thermal expansion. Now, all of this is fine if you’re only looking to hold tight tolerances in your Z axis, but if you combine the spindle warm up with machine movement in all axis, this will help even further. Allowing the machine to run for 10-20 minutes with all components moving allows for the components to reach an ideal temperature, and will help mitigate the effects of thermal expansion during milling. No matter what, at the end of your warmup, make sure to measure all your tools for absolute precision and holding tight tolerances.

2. Tool Selection for Holding Tight Tolerances

Choose your tools carefully – When you’re dealing with these unforgiving tolerances, be sure to be accommodating with your tooling. You’ll want to make sure to have specific tools for roughing and finishing, allowing the roughing tool to take the brunt of the wear, while the finishing tool is saved for only the final passes, will ensure a repeatable process for creating accurate parts.

3. Compensation for Holding Tight Tolerances

Compensate your tools – Tool manufacturers aren’t perfect, so they engineer their tools to be a little forgiving. They know that if you’re going to make something using their tools, you’ll be a lot happier if the feature it cuts comes out under-dimensioned instead of over-dimensioned. Just like a haircut: you can take more off, but you can’t put it back on. Knowing this, you’ll want to make sure the first thing you do when setting up a precise job is to dial in your actual tool diameter. You can do this several ways, but my preferred method is to mill a feature and then use accurate tools to verify the dimension – gage pins or blocks work well for this. It’s easy – if you interpolate a 0.250” hole with a 0.236” tool and only a 0.248” gage pin will fit, then your tool is undersized by 0.001” (use half of the value since it is undersized on each side). You would compensate your size to 0.235” at this point, either through your CAM software or utilizing Tool Comp commands in your cut file.

4. Temperature for Holding Tight Tolerances

Thermally Stabilize – This is one of the most important things on this list for holding tight tolerances because it can make a huge difference and you may not even notice it. Pay attention to where your machine is located. Is it near a window, if so, does the sun shine on it during parts of the day? Does the AC kick on in the afternoon and blow cold air on the machine cabin? Is your material kept a sweltering warehouse, then brought into a chilly 68° environment? These all seem innocent but can create a huge headache in your process. Thermal expansion or contraction of the milling machine or the material you cut can create large variances in your process. Put these all on lockdown – keep your machine and material in a temperature controlled climate, unaffected by sunlight, and you will reap the rewards – consistency in your process.

5. Calibration for Holding Tight Tolerances

Calibrate your equipment – When you’ve done all of the above but you need it to be just *that* much tighter, consider calling in the manufacturer. After a machine has been built, shipped, dropped off a truck, moved around, leveled, and used for thousands of hours, things will shift and settle. It’s unavoidable. Luckily, there are several pieces of equipment, be it granite squares or the Renishaw Ballbar, that can help pull the reins in on your loosened-up machine to help in holding tight tolerances. We like to perform a ballbar test and make adjustments as part of a yearly maintenance, that way you can keep a tight leash on your machine accuracy. Also, performing these annual services ensures that bearings are tight and lubricated, belts are properly tensioned, and drive motors are healthy – all important factors in having an accurate machine.

6. Linear Scales for Holding Tight Tolerances

If all else fails, scales! – If you have done everything on this list, and you still struggle, it may be time to consider getting a machine with linear scales. Your typical CNC machine will use the drive motor encoder as the primary method for keeping track of its absolute position, but this can be flawed due to imperfections in the ball screw or thermal discrepancies. Linear scales change all that – typically installed at the factory, they consist of two main components – the scale, and the read head. Put simply – the scale is like a highly accurate ruler that the machine can read, constantly comparing and adjusting for deviations. On our M10Pro, this allows for a 25% tighter positioning tolerance, a 20% improvement in repeatability, and a 85% reduction in backlash.

The DATRON M10 Pro features linear scales for added precision and accuracy.

Hopefully, these tips will help guide you well down the long, winding, bumpy (but still rewarding!) road of high-precision machining and holding tight tolerances.

Learn about three things that impact tight tolerances in this post by HEIDENHAIN.

What are retargeting ads?

Retargeting Ads are ads that target bounced traffic to convert or you can simply put it as ads that turn window shoppers into buyers. Therefore retargeting ads are served only to people who have already visited your website or those you already have a relationship with.

There are three types of retargeting ads

• Content retargeting Ads –

These ads take visitors to helpful content on your site. There are no sales to be made or sign up request, are used if you have a new blog and you don’t want your visitors to miss it.

• Lead generation retargeting Ads –

They work effectively in generating leads for the business. they direct links to a subscription page or an email newsletter page.

• Direct Purchase Retargeting Ads –

These are used to target your visitors to bring them back to purchase page so as to complete the buying funnel. The ads are most effective to people you have a relationship with such as your mailing list.

There are seven ways to implement retargeting effectively to achieve your goal of selling more

1. Target individuals based on the search conducted on your site

Retarget everyone that does a product search on your site and even on google, have Ads targeting them with the specific product searched at a discounted price. This will ensure that they will eventually buy the flowers.

2. Target individual based on the specific products viewed, actions taken or not taken for an example abandoning a cart

To make sure all who visit your site end up buying your products, retarget visitors who viewed a product and didn’t purchase it or a visitor who added items on the cart but didn’t check out. In the same way, target them with Ads of the specific product at a discounted price.

3. Target individuals who consume similar content as your existing customers.

Retargeting can also help you sell more flowers to people who have similarity to your existing customers, by using retargeting in platforms such as Facebook, marketing to this kind of audience is a much simple method

4. Target users who are interacting with your email programs

If you already have an emailing list where you do email marketing, you can retarget customers who show interest by opening your emails but don’t proceed to purchase your products. Using your emailing marketing platform find out who the customers are and target them with Ads to assist them in converting.

5. Target audience based on how they arrived on your site.

6. Target individuals who have visited a partner site that shares similar interest.

Using google and facebook platform you can learn of visitors who have visited partner sites similar to you and target them with ads of your products.

7. Target visitors who interact with your shared content like content on your facebook pages.

Create a retargeting Ads that are shown to everyone who has interacted with any of your shared content like videos, facebook content, shared blog posts.

With this steps, you can take full advantage of retargeting and able to increase flowers sales.

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There have always been visionaries able to forecast the future by tracing the arc of the present. Many of them were also great storytellers, and their work has appeared in popular books, films and television shows where it continues to inspire generations of engineers, scientists and dreamers of all stripes.

With the gift of hindsight, we can now look back to see which of the great innovations of today started out as a storyteller’s fanciful idea in the culture of the past. Here are some of our favorites.

Computer Tablets

This is slightly controversial. Way back in 2010 Apple launched the original iPad. When Samsung later tried sell their own Galaxy tablet, Apple sued for patent infringement on “their” tablet idea. In 2011, Samsung then successfully argued that the idea didn’t come from Apple at all, but rather from the film 2001: A Space Odyssey.

There is a scene in which astronauts Dave Bowman and Frank Poole are eating a space meal while casually scanning news on portable computers sitting flat on the table: thin profile, narrow bezel, wireless, black background, touch interactive, multi-colored readers. Samsung was able to prove that Apple didn’t think of it first and so they were able to enter the market. This is of course just one of the many ways that Kubrick and Clarke were way ahead of their time.

Cyberspace and the Internet

Nowadays, we all live a portion of our lives in an imaginary realm of moving images and sounds, information and social contacts that has in many ways supplanted the priorities of real life for a digital one. We call this magical world cyberspace, and it could only be made possible by the corollary invention of the Internet.

The term cyberspace was coined by William Gibson in 1984, in his dark and dystopian sci-fi novel Neuromancer. In fact, he also envisioned virtual reality, the World Wide Web, hacking and much more, all terminology now familiar to our online selves. And he did this a decade before the Internet became a thing. How spooky is that?

Earbuds

One of the great literary visionaries was Ray Bradbury. It’s impossible to exaggerate the importance of his many timely observations about the trajectory of science and technology and its likely impact on human society. Great writers often cite him as an essential inspiration, including Stephen King and Margaret Atwood.

Bradbury’s seminal work Fahrenheit 451 was published in 1953. In it, the protagonist Guy Montag watches in dismay as his wife, Mildred, uses the “thimble radios” in her ears to lull herself to sleep, night after night, without needing to resort to human interaction and dialogue. These imagined “seashell” earphones were considerably smaller and more discrete than anything then available, and presaged the modern earbuds that we now use to listen to podcasts and digital music.

Tasers

What would eventually become the taser began its development in 1969 by Jack Cover, a NASA scientist searching for a non-lethal method of crime prevention. He created a working prototype in 1974, and though taser is the trademark of his unique creation the name has become synonymous with other charged-energy stun weapons.

What most of us don’t know is that the name is an acronym originally derived from “Tom A. Swift’s Electric Rifle”. In the early 1900’s, Tom Swift was introduced to American readers as a fictional boy genius with a gift for invention. In a series of books meant for a juvenile readership, Tom created all kinds of whiz-bang contraptions to preserve the American way of life and foil his enemies. These included an early version of TV, airships, a giant telescope and an electric rifle. Tom Swift was beloved by Jack Cover, who named his gun in Tom’s honor.

Cellphones

We would be remiss not to mention a few inspirations that came from the world of Star Trek. Who isn’t familiar with the communicator first used by the crew of the Enterprise when Star Trek debuted in 1966? The flip-open wireless handset was a direct inspiration to Dr. Martin Cooper and his development team at Motorola, who are credited with making the first commercial mobile phone, the DynaTAC, much to the chagrin of their competitors at Bell Labs.

Ungainly by today’s standards, it showed what the future would look like when everyone could share a relatively limited communication bandwidth using overlapping geographical regions called “cells”.

Multimedia

Another facet of our world that we now take for granted, multimedia is the universe of video, voice, text, images and music all being streamed from a single device at once.

Early computers simply didn’t have the software or hardware to handle this. Apple engineer Steve Perlman was one of the pioneers of this technology, taking his cue from an episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation when a crewman uses a computer to listen to several music tracks simultaneously.

The result in 1991 was QuickTime, the first built-in multimedia app for a home computer system. It let Mac users watch digital videos on their computers without needing extra hardware, and even automatically adjusted the frame rate to match the soundtrack for uninterrupted playback. And as an added plus, the first public demonstration of QuickTime showed Apple’s amazing “1984” TV commercial, one of the most memorable of all time.

Imagine What’s Next

There are innumerable great ideas out there, but only a few will make it from concept to creation. At Star Rapid, we have a wide range of manufacturing services to help product developers bring innovative rapid prototypes and products to life. Find out how we can help you when you upload your CAD files for a free quotation and project review.

Aluminum’s desirable physical properties and excellent machinability make it one of the most preferred metal choices among product designers. However, even after you’ve come up with the design for an aluminum component or part, you don’t want to get all the way to manufacturing these parts without ever building a prototype.

But here’s the problem; when it comes to aluminum prototype manufacturing, you have a long list of options to choose from, including CNC machining, 3D printing, and investment casting. Each of these methods comes with its advantages and drawbacks. A wrong choice can lead to high tooling and manufacturing costs, non-functional and unusable parts.

This article covers three popular methods for manufacturing aluminum prototypes. But to help you understand which method is best suited for your prototyping project, it’s essential that we first consider the different forms an aluminum prototype can take.

Different Forms of Aluminum Prototypes

Prototypes typically come in 3 types:

• Alpha prototypes: These are the most basic type of prototypes. They are usually non-functional and used only for a visual representation of ideas or concepts.
• Beta prototypes: They are functional prototypes that are close enough to the final product or part. These prototypes are usually put through testing to troubleshoot design flaws.
• Production prototypes: They are fully-functional prototypes that have undergone refinements based on the results obtained from beta prototype tests. These prototypes will be identical to the final components.

Let’s take a look at three different methods for manufacturing aluminum prototypes.

Method #1: CNC Machining

CNC machining is one of the most common machining methods for creating aluminum prototypes. This machining process relies on computer inputs to precisely control machining tools to remove sections of the aluminum workpiece, leaving behind the desired part. But what makes the CNC machining process special, and when should you use it?

CNC machining offers good quality, great surface finish, repeatability, and it is compatible with a wide range of aluminum alloys. What’s more? Because the CNC machining process starts with creating 3D CAD models, you can quickly alter the designs between prototypes without affecting lead times.

CNC machining is particularly suitable for beta and production prototypes. With the 5-axis CNC milling machine, you can create complex prototypes that other machining methods will struggle with.

Method #2: 3D Printing

3D printing is another popular way of creating aluminum prototypes. 3D printed aluminum prototypes can be made using the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technology. Here, powdered aluminum particles are sintered together in layers to form desired shapes using a high-power laser.

Like the CNC machining process, 3D printing relies on 3D CAD models to create aluminum prototypes accurately. Its minimum feature size ranges between 0.25 mm and 0.8 mm, allowing the fabrication of complex geometries with complex internal sections. However, 3D-printed aluminum prototypes don’t come off the line cheap and will often require additional surface treatment.

Creating an aluminum prototype via 3D printing will often cost more than CNC machining. As such, 3D printing is better suited for fabricating small parts, particularly beta and production prototypes. They may also be used for fabricating alpha prototypes, provided that you won’t be making design changes often.

Method #3: Investment casting

Investment casting, also known as precision casting, is a centuries-old casting process used for creating aluminum prototypes. Here, the aluminum parts are made by pouring molten aluminum into a mold that has been created by means of a wax model.

Investment casting offers excellent surface finish, tight dimensional tolerances and is compatible with a wide range of aluminum alloys. Also, material wastage is lower in investment casting than in CNC machining. The only drawback of this process is its size limitation. It may not be your best option if you’re looking to fabricate a bulky aluminum component.

Although investment casting can be used for machining alpha, beta, and production prototypes, it is best suited for fabricating small intricate components in large quantities. This is because production cost per unit decreases with larger orders.

Choosing a machining method for your aluminum prototyping project is just the first step; your project’s success largely depends on your manufacturing partner. You want to work with a prototype manufacturer that has state-of-the-art machining equipment as well as experienced machinists.

Gensun Precision Machining is a leading precision machining company located in China. We offer high-quality CNC machining, investment casting, and 3D printing services and can help you develop prototypes for your project.

Request a quote today to get your project started.

Recent innovations in tooling construction with conformal heating and cooling channels open up exciting new possibilities for part designs with improved throughput and lower costs. Product developers and engineers now have access to new techniques made possible by additive manufacturing which promise enormous benefits in productivity, cost savings and finished part quality. Let’s take a look at some of the challenges imposed by traditional injection mold tooling and how these are being overcome with these methods.

What’s Happening Inside The Tool During Injection?

First the basics. A big chunk of steel or aluminum mold tooling is essentially “cold” relative to the heat of molten plastic that is injected into it. As the plastic flows into the mold and fills the cavity, the tool will pick up residual heat and eventually a certain thermal equilibrium will be reached. However, if the initial temperature difference is too great there is the danger of warping of the plastic.

Once the part has been fully injected, the now-hot tool must be cooled down again to allow the molten plastic part to solidify and to prepare the mold for the next injection, or “shot”.

Therefore, traditional mold tools are made with cooling channels, and before the advent of 3D metal printing these channels were necessarily in a straight line because they were simply drilled out of the mold. Cold water or some other coolant liquid is pumped through these channels, in and out, as the tool constantly cycles hot and cold.

So, What’s The Problem?

If the part inside the cavity happens to be perfectly square and flat with nice straight edges, then the cooling channels can be made to match those surfaces within a few millimeters of the cavity. This would allow the part to expand and contract uniformly, thereby avoiding the possibility of warpage.

Unfortunately, complex plastic part designs are seldom so geometrically simple. Straight, drilled holes can’t follow curves, ribs, bosses, and other intricate shapes, so the tool can’t be cooled down properly and warpage becomes a real danger. The old solution was that the tool needed a longer period of time between shots to reach equilibrium, and of course longer delays slow down production and cost money.

Is There A Solution?

Now, 3D CAD software and 3D metal printing make it possible to create tooling in steel or aluminum with conformal cooling channels that are not limited to linear tool paths as with conventional drilled holes. Using Direct Metal Laser Melting (DMLM), thin layers of material are laid down one at a time and melted together to form a solid whole, creating channels that are free to follow the contours of the part within the cavity. This advanced technique greatly speeds up the cooling time of the tool while also reducing the risk of warpage and improving part consistency and quality.

What’s Wrong With Weld Lines?

In the picture above you can see two little marks next to the threaded fitting. These are weld lines, and they’re created when molten plastic is injected into the cavity and is forced to go around the metal post in the mold which makes that hole. As the two leading edges of the plastic meet up together on the other side of that post, they attempt to join into a single, whole unit. But thermal differences in mold and plastic temperature make a perfect weld impossible, thereby creating this characteristic mark.

A weld line may indicate a weak area on the part that can fail under stress. Other times, this seam needs to be covered over, either with a textured surface finish, sanding, or with painting. In all such cases, this entails additional time, effort and money. Instead, using the same conformal cooling channels to cool the mold, a high-temperature (~150°C) liquid can be pumped into the tool which heats it up, removing this thermal stress and allowing the plastic to flow smoothly and to weld completely, leaving behind no weld line. This would then obviate the need for further post-processing like painting and would greatly reduce the cost of the finished part.

Making a plastic injection mold tool with a heated insert is more costly and time-consuming to build, but provides some great advantages in the finished product. If the quantity of desired parts is great enough, the cost of the tool can be more than offset by the lower production cost of the finished piece.

Balancing out the thermal stresses of plastic injection mold tools is just one of many factors that must be considered when building a successful tool. But 3D printing now makes available a technique that solves an age-old problem and allows for the efficient creation of entirely new designs with exceptional performance. At Star Rapid, we have an international team of technical experts who can explain how this process can benefit your next project. Contact us today to learn more.

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In-Source Metal Milling For Your Dental Lab

Technology that allows small to moderate sized labs to mill their own PFMs understructures, custom abutments and implant bars has matured significantly in the past few years. Not long ago, an average lab had to choose to either paying top dollar to have a large company mill these types of units, or go through the labor intensive process of casting. Today, a wide variety of milling equipment has become available which has unlocked the ability for CAD/CAM savvy labs to be more self-sufficient and profitable; however, there is still some uncertainty when it comes to when this is an appropriate and prudent step to take. In this post, we’ll focus on three key-indicators that your lab is ready to take its milling game to the next level.